^B{^#!16!13 May^N! Feast day of St Andrew Hubert Fournet, St John the Silent, St Servatius, St Mucius, St Peter Regalatus, St Erconwald, St Euthymius the Enlightener, St Glyceria of Heraclia, and St Robert Bellarmine.
^B{1203^B} Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus seized Trebizond and established a new Greek empire there. ^B{1607^B} Riots took place in Northamptonshire, and other Midland counties of England in protest at widespread enclosure of common land. ^B{1643^B} Oliver Cromwell defeated Royalists at Grantham. ^B{1846^B} Formal declaration of war by US against Mexico. ^B{1888^B} Serfdom was abolished in Brazil. ^B{1915^B} The names of Emperors of Germany and Austria were struck off the roll of Knights of the Garter. ^B{1927^B} 'Black Friday' with the collapse of Germany's economic system. ^B{1945^B} VE day: Europe celebrated victory over the German allied forces.
^B{^I{^#!14!Born ^N}Dante Alighieri, Italian poet, ^B{1265^B}; Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot, French revolutionary leader, ^B{1753^B}; Pope Pius IX, ^B{1792^B}; Alphonse Daudet, French novelist, ^B{1840^B}; Arthur Sullivan, English composer, ^B{1842^B}; Ronald Ross, British bacteriologist, ^B{1857^B}; Daphne du Maurier, English novelist, ^B{1907^B}; Joe Louis, US boxer, ^B{1914^B}; Stevie Wonder, US singer, ^B{1950^B}.
^B{^I{^#!14!Died ^N}Johan van Oldenbarneveldt, Dutch lawyer and politician, ^B{1619^B}; Georges Cuvier, French zoologist, ^B{1832^B}; John Nash, English architect, ^B{1835^B}; Friedrich Henle, German anatomist, ^B{1885^B}; Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian Arctic explorer, ^B{1930^B}; Gary Cooper, US film actor, ^B{1961^B}.
